Climate Change Data

Environmental Metrics

ESG Focus Areas

• Energy Access
• Energy Efficiency
• Renewable Energy
• Climate Change

Environmental Achievements

• Reduced carbon emissions through energy efficiency improvements and increased renewable energy use (quantified data varies by country and sector)
• Increased use of solar water heaters in several countries, leading to energy savings

Social Achievements

• Increased access to electricity, reaching near-universal access in many countries
• Improved access to clean cooking fuels and technologies in some countries, although significant gaps remain

Governance Achievements

• Development of national energy efficiency action plans and renewable energy strategies in several countries
• Implementation of energy pricing reforms in some countries to reduce subsidies and promote efficiency

Climate Goals & Targets

Environmental Challenges

• Significant gaps in energy access remain in Arab LDCs (Least Developed Countries), particularly in rural areas
• Slow progress in increasing the share of renewable energy in the total energy mix
• Conflict and instability have negatively impacted energy access and infrastructure in several countries
• High transmission and distribution losses in some countries
• Inadequate data and information on energy consumption patterns and efficiency
• Water scarcity and its impact on energy production and consumption

Mitigation Strategies

• Implementation of rural electrification programs using renewable energy technologies
• Development of national energy efficiency action plans and renewable energy strategies
• Promotion of energy efficiency measures in various sectors
• Investment in modern renewable energy technologies, such as solar and wind power
• Efforts to improve data collection and analysis
• Regional cooperation to address common challenges

Supply Chain Management

Supplier Audits: Not disclosed

Responsible Procurement

• Not disclosed

Climate-Related Risks & Opportunities

Physical Risks

• Droughts
• Desertification
• Extreme weather events
• Sea-level rise

Transition Risks

• Dependence on fossil fuels
• Need for large-scale investment in renewable energy

Opportunities

• Development of renewable energy technologies
• Improved energy efficiency

Reporting Standards

Frameworks Used: Sustainable Energy for All (SEforAll) Global Tracking Framework (GTF)

Certifications: Null

Third-party Assurance: Not disclosed

UN Sustainable Development Goals

• SDG 7
• SDG 13

The report extensively discusses the interlinkages between SDG 7 (affordable and clean energy) and SDG 13 (climate action).

Sustainable Products & Innovation

• Not disclosed

Awards & Recognition

• Not disclosed

Environmental Metrics

ESG Focus Areas

• Water Governance
• Environmental Sustainability
• Social Equity
• Economic Development

Environmental Achievements

• Improved water harvesting techniques
• Increased wastewater treatment and reuse
• Reduced water losses in some areas through infrastructure improvements

Social Achievements

• Increased access to improved water sources and sanitation in some areas
• Promotion of water user associations to improve local participation
• Initiatives to address gender inequality in water management

Governance Achievements

• Development of national water policies and strategies in several countries
• Institutional reforms to improve water management
• Efforts to improve transparency and accountability in water management

Climate Goals & Targets

Environmental Challenges

• Water scarcity due to low and variable rainfall, high evaporation rates, and frequent droughts
• Overexploitation and pollution of water resources
• Rapid population growth and urbanization
• Climate change
• Inequitable access to water and sanitation
• Inefficient water management practices
• Lack of coordination among water institutions
• Insufficient funding for water infrastructure
• Weak enforcement of water laws and regulations
• Conflicts over shared water resources

Mitigation Strategies

• Investment in water storage and conveyance networks
• Development of nonconventional water resources (desalination, treated wastewater, rainwater harvesting)
• Improved irrigation efficiency
• Water demand management strategies
• Institutional reforms and capacity building
• Public awareness campaigns
• Promotion of stakeholder participation
• Strengthening of water laws and regulations
• Regional and international cooperation

Supply Chain Management

Climate-Related Risks & Opportunities

Physical Risks

• Droughts
• Floods

Reporting Standards

Frameworks Used: IWRM (Integrated Water Resources Management)

Environmental Metrics

ESG Focus Areas

• Poverty
• Hunger
• Health
• Education
• Gender Equality
• Water and Sanitation
• Energy
• Economic Growth
• Infrastructure
• Innovation
• Inequality
• Climate Change
• Ocean Conservation
• Ecosystem Protection
• Peace and Justice
• Partnerships

Environmental Achievements

• Implementation of the National Environmental Strategy and Vegetation Restoration Strategy for Riyadh region.
• Construction of 508 dams with a total storage capacity of 2.2 billion m3, and 40 more under construction.
• Increased recycling of industrial waste in Jubail Industrial City to 51% in 2017.
• Significant investments in renewable energy, especially solar power.
• Expansion of protected areas, both terrestrial and marine.

Social Achievements

• Launch of the Citizen Account program to provide financial support to low and middle-income households.
• Significant investments in healthcare and education leading to improvements in health and educational outcomes.
• Increased women's participation in the labor market from 12% in 2009 to 18% in 2017.
• Establishment of the National Observatory of Women's Participation in Development.
• Launch of initiatives to support working women, including transportation and childcare.

Governance Achievements

• Establishment of the National Anti-Corruption Commission.
• Improved ranking on the Corruption Perceptions Index.
• Implementation of the National Strategy for Safeguarding Integrity and Combating Corruption.
• Strengthening of public institutions through performance measurement and digital transformation.

Climate Goals & Targets

Environmental Challenges

• Data availability and capacity of statistical bodies to collect and disseminate SDG-related statistics.
• Effective coordination among government and non-government institutions.
• Building on existing institutional frameworks rather than creating new structures.
• Promoting the SDGs at the sub-national level.

Mitigation Strategies

• Strengthening the institutional framework underpinning the SDGs and enhancing cooperation among stakeholders.
• Improving the quality and coverage of SDG indicators and data analysis.
• Strengthening the monitoring of SDGs at national and sub-national levels.
• Strengthening collaboration among public, private, and non-profit sectors.
• Enhancing Saudi Arabia's role in promoting international partnerships around the SDGs.

Supply Chain Management

Climate-Related Risks & Opportunities

Physical Risks

• Desertification
• Drought
• Extreme weather events

Opportunities

• Renewable energy development

Reporting Standards

Frameworks Used: UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

UN Sustainable Development Goals

• All 17 SDGs

Significant alignment exists between Vision 2030 and the SDGs.

Awards & Recognition

• Washington Water Award for Wadi Hanifah Comprehensive Development Plan

Environmental Metrics

ESG Focus Areas

• Poverty
• Hunger
• Health
• Education
• Gender Equality
• Water
• Energy
• Economic Growth
• Industry
• Inequality
• Sustainable Cities
• Responsible Consumption
• Climate Action
• Life Below Water
• Life on Land
• Peace, Justice
• Partnerships

Environmental Achievements

• Near universal access to clean drinking water and wastewater networks.
• 87.1 percent of wastewater safely treated by 2016.
• Reduction in municipal solid waste from 12.51% in 2012 to 11.09% in 2016.
• 100% treatment of medical waste since 2013.
• Establishment of two marine reserves.
• Implementation of a National Marine Environment Management Plan.

Social Achievements

• Near universal access to basic services (water, electricity, healthcare, education, transportation) for all residents.
• Reduced income and non-income inequalities.
• Eradication of extreme poverty.
• Bridging the hunger gap.
• Capacity development programs empowering vulnerable groups.
• Significant advances in enhancing the status of Kuwaiti women.
• Decreasing number of girls married below age 15 (reached zero in 2015 and 2016).
• Decrease in prevalence of gender-based violence.
• Improved health indicators (life expectancy, maternal mortality, under-five mortality).
• High female formal labour force participation rate (just under 50%).
• Provision of comprehensive health care services and essential medications/vaccines for all.
• Free education for all, from kindergarten to university.

Governance Achievements

• Establishment of the National Sustainable Development Committee (NSDC).
• Establishment of the National Observatory on Sustainable Development (NOSD).
• Implementation of the Kuwait National Development Plan (KNDP).
• Establishment of the Kuwait Direct Investment Promotion Authority (KDIPA).
• Establishment of the Public Authority of Manpower (PAM).
• Establishment of the Public Anti-Corruption Authority (PACA).
• Passage of law 13/2018 on Prohibition of Conflict of Interest.
• Ratification of numerous international conventions and agreements related to human rights, environmental protection, and sustainable development.

Climate Goals & Targets

Environmental Challenges

• Limited availability of accurate and concrete data.
• Insufficient responsiveness to data requests.
• Imbalance in the public budget.
• Waning infrastructure.
• Economic dominance of the oil sector.
• Limited linkage between the Kuwait Master Plan and the Development Plan.
• Weakness in direct foreign investments.
• Weak role of the private sector in development.
• High incidence of overweight and obesity.
• Lack of qualified technical staff.
• Insufficient implementation of guidelines and principles set by the Civil Service Bureau.
• Inadequate coordination among government institutions.
• High energy consumption per capita.
• High carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-eq) emissions per capita.
• Decreased fish stock due to overfishing, high salinity, habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change.
• Land degradation due to climate pressures and human-related stressors.

Mitigation Strategies

• Implementation of social policy provisions and all-inclusive social protection programs.
• Provision of universal access to basic services.
• Capacity development programs for vulnerable groups.
• Various plans and projects to bridge coverage, quality, and health-seeking behavior gaps in the health system.
• Issuance of laws promoting health and healthy lifestyles.
• Establishment of KDIPA to attract foreign direct investment.
• Establishment of PAM to ensure decent work for all.
• Drafting of the National Industrial Strategy (NIS).
• Creation of industrial cities.
• Attraction of foreign investments.
• Implementation of national energy efficiency plans.
• Incentive and cleaner energy sensitization program.
• Subsidy reduction (raising tariffs for electricity and water consumption).
• Plans to increase the share of renewables in electricity generation.
• Modernization of the desalination industry.
• Development of a National Solid Waste Strategy.
• Establishment of environmentally sound incinerators for hazardous medical waste.
• Implementation of a National Biodiversity Strategy.
• Establishment of marine reserves.
• Implementation of a National Marine Environment Management Plan.
• Issuance of a new environmental protection law.
• Implementation of an environmental project (eMISK terrestrial) to rehabilitate wild areas.
• Collaboration with the International Union for Conservation of Nature to develop a long-term plan for biodiversity.
• Agreement with the National Parks Board of Singapore to strengthen collaboration on land and life on land management.

Supply Chain Management

Supplier Audits: Not disclosed

Responsible Procurement

• Not disclosed

Climate-Related Risks & Opportunities

Physical Risks

• Desertification, increase in sea levels, increase in temperatures, loss of biodiversity.

Transition Risks

• Vulnerability to oil-related measures implemented by developed countries.

Opportunities

• Development of renewable energy sources (solar, wind).

Reporting Standards

Frameworks Used: Null

Certifications: Null

Third-party Assurance: Not disclosed

UN Sustainable Development Goals

• All 17 SDGs

Integration of SDGs into Kuwait Vision 2035 and KNDP.

Sustainable Products & Innovation

• Not disclosed

Awards & Recognition

• Not disclosed