Climate Change Data

Environmental Metrics

ESG Focus Areas

• Water and Sanitation
• Sustainable Development Goal 6

Environmental Achievements

• Improved water quality in Switzerland due to wastewater treatment plant implementation.
• Increased treatment capacity in Mexico from 48 m3/second in 1995 to 181.2 m3/second in 2018.

Social Achievements

• Increased sewerage coverage in Mexico from 72.4% in 1995 to 91.4% in 2015.
• Improved sewerage coverage in rural areas of Mexico from 29.7% in 1995 to 74.2% in 2015.

Governance Achievements

• Well-established wastewater monitoring program in Mexico used to inform sector policy and investment.
• National Inspection Plans in Ireland to monitor domestic wastewater treatment systems.

Climate Goals & Targets

Environmental Challenges

• Lack of accurate data reporting on wastewater volumes generated and treated.
• Data scarcity, particularly for independent treatment systems and industrial discharges.
• Low priority given to managing pollution from industrial sources.
• Data completeness remains a challenge.
• Lack of national strategies and targets for safe wastewater treatment in some countries.

Mitigation Strategies

• Strengthening regulatory mechanisms (national standards and discharge permits).
• Data aggregation and national-level reporting by regulators.
• Investments in centralized and decentralized wastewater conveyance and treatment systems.
• National inspection programs to promote correct operation, maintenance, and functionality of septic tanks.
• Harmonization of wastewater monitoring approaches, methodologies, and terminology.

Supply Chain Management

Climate-Related Risks & Opportunities

Opportunities

• Safe reuse of treated wastewater to mitigate climate change impacts.

Reporting Standards

Frameworks Used: UNSD/UNEP Questionnaire on Environment Statistics, OECD/Eurostat Joint Questionnaire on Inland Waters

UN Sustainable Development Goals

• SDG 6

The report focuses on SDG indicator 6.3.1, which tracks the proportion of domestic and industrial wastewater flows safely treated.

Environmental Metrics

ESG Focus Areas

• Sustainable intensification of agriculture
• Agricultural land and water management (ALWM)
• Integrated watershed management
• Food security
• Poverty alleviation
• Gender equity

Environmental Achievements

• Farmer-managed natural land regeneration increased cereal production on nearly 5 million ha of land in southern Niger.
• Farm ponds in Madhya Pradesh, India increased staple crop production, extended cropping area, and increased incomes by as much as 70%.
• Improved land and water management practices have doubled sorghum yields in Ethiopia.

Social Achievements

• Farmer-led investments in ALWM are transforming livelihoods and food security across South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.
• Improved ALWM practices benefit an estimated 2.5 million people in southern Niger.
• In India, a solar irrigation cooperative enables farmers to sell excess solar power, supplementing income while incentivizing groundwater conservation.

Governance Achievements

• WLE is developing tools and business models to support policy makers and development agents to leverage and extend farmer investments.
• WLE is designing investment models for ALWM to facilitate investments in support of smallholder farmers.
• WLE is developing participatory tools to understand farmer decision-making processes and factors influencing adoption of sustainable land management.

Climate Goals & Targets

Environmental Challenges

• Low adoption or abandonment of ALWM interventions.
• Failure to target and engage key segments of rural communities (women and poorer farmers).
• Inadequate consideration of aggregated impacts of ALWM interventions.
• High up-front investment costs for ALWM technologies.
• Absence of proper financing tools and limited access to information.
• Market inefficiencies preventing farmers from accessing beneficial technologies.
• Uncontrolled spread of ALWM technologies leading to undesirable social and environmental consequences.
• Inadequate waste management compromising water bodies used by urban and peri-urban farmers.

Mitigation Strategies

• Participatory tools to understand farmer decision-making processes.
• Improved access to credit, information, and irrigation services.
• Cross-sector innovation to broaden solutions for enhancing smallholder productivity.
• Investments in water and energy recovery and reuse.
• Watershed-scale planning and cross-sector collaboration.
• Development of business models to support irrigation service providers and resource recovery.
• Creation of policy synergies for smart solar pump solutions.
• Adaptation of lessons from integrated watershed management in India to other regions.

Supply Chain Management

Climate-Related Risks & Opportunities

Opportunities

• Solar-powered irrigation as a low-cost, climate-smart alternative.

UN Sustainable Development Goals

• SDG 2: Zero Hunger
• SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
• SDG 13: Climate Action
• SDG 15: Life on Land

WLE's work contributes to these goals through sustainable intensification of agriculture, improved land and water management, and promotion of climate-smart solutions.

Environmental Metrics

ESG Focus Areas

• Climate Change
• Inclusive Growth
• Resilience

Environmental Achievements

• Reduced thermal (fossil fuel-based) capacity from about one-third to about one-fifth of installed capacity between 2015 and 2023, with generation halving to contribute only 10–12 percent of total energy generation in 2022.
• Nearly 6 million tonnes of traffic transported by SGR in 2021, reducing emissions in freight by reducing the fuel consumption of heavy trucks.

Social Achievements

• Improved HCI score of 0.55 in 2020, exceeding the region’s average of 0.40.
• Harmonizing targeting methodology for social programs and investing in operationalizing a digitally enabled enhanced single registry (ESR) that will function as a national social registry, with welfare information on more than 50 percent of Kenyan households.

Governance Achievements

• Climate Change Act (CCA) establishes key institutions to manage the climate agenda.
• National Climate Change Council (NCCC) established as high-level coordination mechanism for the climate agenda.

Climate Goals & Targets

Environmental Challenges

• Public debt estimated to reach 64.8 percent of GDP in June 2023.
• Adverse weather conditions, including a long-term drought, caused agricultural sector contraction.
• Rapid urbanization not matched by adequate planning and investment in urban infrastructure.
• High pace of motorization exceeding capacity of public transport system.
• Inadequate WASH services resulting in significant economic losses.
• Low agricultural productivity and reliance on rainfed agriculture.
• Vulnerability of infrastructure to climate risks.
• Growing GHG emissions despite predominantly renewable energy mix.

Mitigation Strategies

• Fiscal consolidation path to reduce fiscal deficit.
• Investments in water storage, conveyance, irrigation, and water supply infrastructure.
• National Landscape and Ecosystem Restoration Programme (2022–32).
• Accelerating the registration of community lands.
• Implementing the government’s clean cooking program.
• Integrating climate considerations into the implementation of Kenya’s Agricultural Sector Transformation and Growth Strategy (ASTGS).
• Expanding investment in agricultural research and technology dissemination.
• Developing a vision for an efficient system of cities.
• Mainstreaming national climate change goals in the urban development agenda.
• Adopting an avoid-shift-improve and resilience approach to urban transport.
• Expanding renewable energy capacity.
• Developing a comprehensive program promoting green logistics regulations and standards.
• Ensuring digital infrastructure resilience.

Supply Chain Management

Climate-Related Risks & Opportunities

Physical Risks

• Droughts
• Floods
• Heat stress
• Inland flooding
• Damage to roads and bridges

Transition Risks

• Changes in export markets’ requirements regarding carbon emissions.

Opportunities

• Expanding renewable energy capacity
• Developing green logistics
• E-mobility
• Carbon markets

Reporting Standards

Frameworks Used: Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), National Climate Change Action Plans (NCCAPs)