Climate Change Data

Environmental Metrics

ESG Focus Areas

• Environmental
• Social
• Governance

Environmental Achievements

• Not disclosed

Social Achievements

• Not disclosed

Governance Achievements

• Not disclosed

Climate Goals & Targets

Environmental Challenges

• Concerns raised about risks or bad practices in bioenergy development, especially related to greenhouse gas emissions and sustainable water management.
• Need to increase food production while accommodating other uses of water resources.
• Uncertainty in the amounts of available waste and residues from agriculture and forestry.
• Uncertainty in future crop yields for food, feed, fiber, energy, and renewable raw materials.
• Indirect Land Use Changes (ILUC) through displacement of previous crops and cascade effects.
• Uncertainty in the amounts of available waste and residues from agriculture strongly depends on the future demand from different uses such as animal feed, renewable raw material, etc.
• The same applies for forestry biomass that has multiple uses, i.e. material, fibre and energy production.

Mitigation Strategies

• Development of methodologies for impact assessment, practical case studies, scenario analysis, and discussion of sustainability certification schemes.
• Adoption of sustainability requirements for bioenergy, following internationally agreed criteria and evaluation methods.
• International harmonisation of certification schemes.
• Integrated land-use management schemes.
• Prioritization of biomass application in sectors with no renewable alternatives or high conversion efficiency.
• Addressing indirect land-use change (ILUC) through a precautionary approach, including limiting food-based biofuels and promoting advanced biofuels.
• Implementing internationally agreed sustainability criteria, indicators and assessment methods for bioenergy.

Supply Chain Management

Supplier Audits: Not disclosed

Responsible Procurement

• International harmonisation of certification schemes
• Sustainability requirements for bioenergy

Climate-Related Risks & Opportunities

Physical Risks

• Not disclosed

Transition Risks

• Not disclosed

Opportunities

• Bioenergy contribution to climate change mitigation

Reporting Standards

Frameworks Used: Null

Certifications: Null

Third-party Assurance: Not disclosed

UN Sustainable Development Goals

• Not disclosed

Not disclosed

Sustainable Products & Innovation

• Advanced biofuels

Awards & Recognition

• Not disclosed

Environmental Metrics

ESG Focus Areas

• Environmental
• Economic

Environmental Achievements

• Neste Oil operates 3 HEFA facilities producing renewable diesel.
• Various companies have conducted successful biofuel test flights.

Social Achievements

• Not disclosed

Governance Achievements

• ASTM approval of oleochemical derived jet fuel blendstocks.

Climate Goals & Targets

Environmental Challenges

• High cost and limited supply of lipid feedstocks.
• Technological challenges in upgrading biomass to drop-in biofuels.
• Sustainability concerns regarding land use change.
• Blend walls for conventional biofuels.
• Hydrogen sourcing and cost.
• Scale-up challenges for thermochemical and biochemical processes.
• Oxygen content in biomass reducing energy density.
• Catalyst deactivation and coking in bio-oil upgrading.
• Tar accumulation in gasification.
• Product inhibition in butanol fermentation.

Mitigation Strategies

• Exploring alternative feedstocks (algae, waste oils, tall oil).
• Developing more efficient upgrading technologies.
• Improving catalyst design and lifespan.
• Leveraging existing refinery infrastructure.
• Implementing sustainable feedstock sourcing practices.
• Developing in situ product removal strategies for fermentation.
• Improving gasification processes to minimize tar formation.
• Using hydrogen from natural gas to reduce costs.

Supply Chain Management

Supplier Audits: Not disclosed

Responsible Procurement

• Not disclosed

Climate-Related Risks & Opportunities

Physical Risks

• Not disclosed

Transition Risks

• Not disclosed

Opportunities

• Reduced GHG emissions

Reporting Standards

Frameworks Used: ASTM

Certifications: Null

Third-party Assurance: Not disclosed

UN Sustainable Development Goals

• Not disclosed

Not disclosed

Sustainable Products & Innovation

• HEFA biofuels
• Fischer-Tropsch liquids

Awards & Recognition

• Not disclosed

Environmental Metrics

ESG Focus Areas

• Environmental
• Social
• Economic

Environmental Achievements

• Reduced carbon emissions through CO2 sequestration by algae
• Improved water use efficiency through wastewater integration

Social Achievements

• International collaboration on algae bioenergy research and development
• Development of new genetic tools for algae strain improvement

Governance Achievements

• Harmonization of techno-economic and life cycle assessment models for algae biofuels

Climate Goals & Targets

Environmental Challenges

• High cost of cultivating algal biomass
• Decline in petroleum prices
• Lack of consistent policies on carbon pricing
• Land use competition
• Water and nutrient resource limitations
• Technological challenges in scaling up production and conversion processes
• Variability in algal biomass composition
• Uncertainty in techno-economic and life cycle assessment models
• Lack of harmonized analytical approaches
• Data limitations and exclusions

Mitigation Strategies

• Biorefinery approach to maximize value from algal biomass
• Integration with wastewater treatment
• Development of more efficient cultivation and harvesting technologies
• Metabolic engineering of algae strains
• Harmonization of TEA and LCA models
• Open data sharing
• Improved nutrient recycling
• Development of less energy-intensive technologies

Supply Chain Management

Climate-Related Risks & Opportunities

Opportunities

• CO2 sequestration
• Renewable fuel production

Reporting Standards

Frameworks Used: LCA, TEA

Sustainable Products & Innovation

• Biofuels
• Bio-products

Environmental Metrics

ESG Focus Areas

• Renewable Energy
• Sustainable Development
• Energy Access
• Pollution Reduction

Environmental Achievements

• Increased renewable energy share in electricity to 7.9% in 2022 (8.8% in 2023), primarily from wind and solar.
• Implementation of decentralized waste-to-energy systems in rural areas.

Social Achievements

• Improved social dynamics and promoted new business opportunities through decentralized energy systems.
• Contribution to sustainable development by preserving natural resources.

Governance Achievements

• Implementation of the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producers Programme (REIPPP), procuring 6,422 MW of renewable energy capacity.
• Commitment to 18,000 MW of new generation capacity.

Climate Goals & Targets

Environmental Challenges

• Sustainability issues with micro-biodigesters due to operation and maintenance problems.
• Mounting service delivery challenges hampering implementation of energy policies.
• High reliance on coal for energy supply.

Mitigation Strategies

• Studies conducted to identify and address sustainability issues with micro-biodigesters.
• Investment in new generation capacity, including renewables.
• Exploration of replacing coal with biomass in existing assets (potentially supported by international funding).

Supply Chain Management

Climate-Related Risks & Opportunities

Opportunities

• Further deployment of bioenergy, replacing coal with biomass, modernizing bioenergy, and deploying transport biofuels.

Reporting Standards

Frameworks Used: IEA World Energy Balances and Renewables Information, FAOstat, National statistics

Environmental Metrics

ESG Focus Areas

• Climate Change
• Environmental Sustainability
• Social Acceptance
• Economic Competitiveness
• Circular Biobased Economy

Environmental Achievements

• Accelerated production and use of environmentally sound bioenergy
• Reduced greenhouse gas emissions from energy use
• Improved assessment of indirect land-use change
• Significant progress in controlling the combustion process and minimizing emissions from biomass combustion

Social Achievements

• Improved international cooperation and information exchange between national bioenergy RD&D programmes
• Increased knowledge and understanding of bioenergy systems
• Facilitated commercialisation and market deployment of environmentally sound bioenergy systems
• Addressed concerns that arise in the public debate and demonstrated the synergies between bioenergy and other renewable and biobased economy

Governance Achievements

• Production of an Annual Report, newsletters and webinars
• Maintenance of the IEA Bioenergy website
• Production of technical and policy-support documents
• Organization of workshops and study tours for Member Country participants

Climate Goals & Targets

Environmental Challenges

• Feedstock mobilization
• Resource base limits
• Need for faster progress in renewable fuel production
• Enabling policy environment, market offtake, and access to finance
• High amounts of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) required
• Emissions from biomass combustion (particularly from incomplete combustion)
• Public perception and sustainability concerns
• Costs of energy from biogas
• Acceptance of technology and sustainability discussions
• Indirect land-use change (ILUC) emissions

Mitigation Strategies

• Setting up efficient collection systems; investing in biomass crops; developing approaches with local biohubs
• Development and deployment of advanced technologies
• Prioritization of certain bioenergy applications
• Stable, supportive government policies; cross-government coordination
• Long-term storage of captured biogenic CO2
• Optimized combustion quality; advanced combustion technology; flue gas cleaning technology; advanced control systems
• Improved cookstoves or alternative cleaner fuels
• Addressing co-benefits of anaerobic digestion; better manure utilization; role of biomethane in industry and transportation; cost reduction
• Development of consistent international biomass availability and quality assessments
• ILUC risk management strategies; 'no conversion of natural vegetation' criteria

Supply Chain Management

Responsible Procurement

• Sustainable biomass sourcing practices

Climate-Related Risks & Opportunities

Opportunities

• Development of energy-efficient products
• Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage/utilisation (BECCS/BECCUS)

UN Sustainable Development Goals

• Goal 7 (Affordable and clean energy)
• Goal 13 (Climate action)

Bioenergy contributes to achieving these goals by providing renewable energy sources and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Sustainable Products & Innovation

• Advanced biofuels
• Biobased chemicals and materials
• Renewable gas (biomethane)
• Biochar